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| Key definitions | Key definitions of posture, poor posture, good posture, ideal posture, normal
posture, ambiguities and posture standards. | | Characteristics and benefits of good posture | Characteristics and benefits of good posture, costs and implications of poor posture; underlying theories and their assumptions and cause-effect evidence. Skeletal and muscle balance concepts. The kinetic chain as applied to posture | | Musculoskeletal tissue properties. | Muscle properties. Connective tissue types and properties; bone, ligament, tendon, cartilage, fascia | | Anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanics | Anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanics; spinal anatomy (vertabrae, discs, motion segments, muscles, ligaments and fascia) and spine mechanics kinematic properties, kinetics, muscle forces and load modelling. | | Postural Deviations | Postural deviations in the sagittal, coronal and tranverse planes, their skeletal and muscle imbalance characteristics, correction principles and muscle re-balancing. | | Practical assessment of 'overall' body posture | Assessment of 'overall' body posture, in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes, both qualatively and quantatively 'in vivo' and from posture photography and using rating charts. | | Analysis of specific regional segments and joints | Analysis of specific regional segments and joints, to include pelvic tilt, spinal curves, head-neck posture and shoulder assessment. The following procedures will be used; posture category classification charts, plumb line evaluations (qualitative and quantitative) pelvic tilt (two methods) lumbar and thoracic curve index angle measurement with a flexible ruler, cranio-vertebral angle, scapular posture, leg length discrepancies, scoliosis, etc | | Muscle testing and functionality | Muscle testing and functionality of associated muscle attachments where appropriate for length, strength and endurance characteristics, including hip flexor lengths (Thomas Test / Modified Thomas Test) hip extensor length (two methods), lumbar mobility, spinal mobility, quadratus tightness, trunk muscle endurance, shoulder mobility assessment. | | Corrective exercise session practicals and regime design. | Exercise selection and application of re-balancing principles in design of re-alignment programmes. | | Statistical Tests | Chi Square, t-test, correlations, means, standard deviations, standard error, generating a normal distribution curve in Microsoft Excel. |
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